المسؤولية المدنية للمُنتِج عن تطبيقات الذكاء الإصطناعي المعيبة- دراسة مقارنة

Sources

First/ Legal Works:

1. Dr. Ahmed Hassan Mohamed Ali, Civil Liability for Robot Damages, First Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2022.

2. Mr. Farhat, Introduction to Legal Sciences, no publisher or publication date.

3. Dr. Ayman Mohamed Al-Asyuti, The Legal Aspects of Applying Artificial Intelligence, Dar Misr for Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, 2020.

4. Dr. Hassan Abdel-Basset Gomaa, Product Liability for Damages Caused by Defective Products, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2000.

5. Dr. Hussein Amer, Civil Liability, no publisher or publication date.

6. Dr. Mahmoud El-Sayed Abdel-Moaty Khayal, Liability for Defective Products and the Risks of Progress, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1998.

7. Dr. Moqadem El-Saeed, Compensation for Moral Damages in Civil Liability: A Comparative Study, Dar Al-Hadatha for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, 1985.

8. Dr. Assem Sami Khamis Hamed Al-Zayyat, The Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Law, Alexandria University, 2015.

9. Adel Abdel Nour, An Introduction to the World of Artificial Intelligence, King Abdulaziz City, Saudi Arabia, 2005.

10. Dr. Abdel Majeed Al-Hakim et al., A Concise Overview of the Theory of Obligation in Iraqi Civil Law, Sources of Obligation, Vol. 1, Legal Library, Baghdad, no publication date.

11. Dr. Abdel Majeed Al-Hakim et al., Civil Law and the Provisions of Obligation, Vol. 2, Al-Sanhouri Library, Baghdad, 2012.

12. Dr. Abdel Moneim Farag Al-Sadda, Sources of Obligation, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1986.

13. Haider Kazem Magdi Shubar, Tort Liability Arising from the Misuse of Communication Towers, Zain Legal Publications, Beirut, 2018.

Second/ University Theses and Dissertations:

1. Dr. 1. Amal Ali Abdul Hussein Al-Mousawi, Fair Compensation: A Comparative Study, PhD Dissertation, College of Law, University of Karbala, 2021.

2. Khamis Khad Khamis Al-Mansouri, Insurance Against Civil Liability for Damages Caused by Surgical Robots, Master's Thesis submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, University of Sharjah, 2022.

3. Dr. Salam Abdullah Karim, The Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence (A Comparative Study), PhD Dissertation submitted to the Council of the College of Law, University of Karbala, 2022.

4. Dr. Firas Jabbar Karim Al-Rawazq, The Impact of Dynamic Conflict of Laws on Contractual Liability Arising from Defective Products: A Comparative Study, PhD Dissertation submitted to the Council of the College of Law, University of Karbala, 2025.

5. Qais Hatem Ahmed Al-Qaisi, Compensation for Moral Damages in Iraqi Legislation: A Comparative Study, Thesis submitted to the Judicial Institute, no publication date.

6. Dr. Mohamed Refaat Abdel Raouf, Compensation for Professional Error - A Comparative Study, PhD dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law, Ain Shams University, 2019.

7. Mohamed Emad Fallah, Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence Applications: Between Reality and the Need for Renewal - An Analytical Study in Jordanian Law, Master's thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law, Yarmouk University, 2022.

Third/ Published Research:

1. Dr. Ahmed Ali Hassan, The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Civil Law: A Comparative Study, published in the Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Faculty of Law, Mansoura University, Issue (76), 2021.

2. Ahmed Mohamed Ali Sharaf El-Din, Civil Liability for the Risks of Defective Products, research submitted to the Graduate Studies Department (Civil Law Department), Faculty of Law, Mansoura University, no publisher or place of publication, 2022.

3. Dr. Asmaa Hassan Amer, "Problems of Establishing Civil Liability for Damages Caused by Intelligent Robots," a research paper published in the Legal Journal, Cairo University - Khartoum Branch, Volume (13), Issue (7), August 2022.

4. Elsayed Mokhtar Elsayed, "Civil Liability Arising from Electronic Damage," International Electronic Journal for Publishing Legal Research, Volume (1), Issue (2), 2023.

5. Dr.Bouhnouch Fatiha, "Towards Re-establishing the Rules of Civil Liability: An Analytical Reading of the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and its Legal Implications," a research paper published in the Researchers' Gateway for Studies and Research Journal, Ajyal Al-Rafidain Foundation for Educational Development, Iraq, Volume (1), Issue (2), 2025.

6. Belhour Fatima Zahra, "Producer Liability for Defective Products," a research paper published in the Journal of Research in Contracts and Business Law, Laboratory of Contracts and Business Law, Algeria, Issue (3), December 2017.

7. Dr. Hajj Ben Ali Mohamed, "The Professional's Liability for Damages, Risks, and Development of Their Products," a research paper published in the Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies, Hassiba Bou Ali University of Chlef, Algeria, Issue (2), 2009.

8. Hassani Iman, "Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Light of the Rules of Civil Liability," a research paper published in the Journal of Law and Environmental Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 3, 2023.

9. Dr. Daraa Hammad, Civil Liability for the Risks of Technological Development, a research paper published in Al-Nahrain Journal of Legal Sciences, a journal issued by the College of Law at Al-Nahrain University, Volume 9, Issue 16, May 2006.

10. Lakhdar Rafaf and Maouch Fayrouz, The Specificity of Civil Liability for Damages Caused by Artificial Intelligence Systems in Algerian Law, a research paper published in Tabna Journal of Academic Scientific Studies, University Center of Barika, Algeria, Volume (6), Issue (1), June 2023.

11. Sayed Zarif Atta Sayed, The Extent to Which Artificial Intelligence Technologies Enjoy Legal Personality: A Comparative Study, a research paper published in the Journal of Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, Assiut University, Issue (61), Part One, September 2022.

12. Dr. Sayed Mahdi Mirdadashi Kari and Nouran Ayham Abdel Jalil Al-Lahibawi, The Nature of Civil Liability Resulting from Defective Products, a research paper published in the Iraqi University Journal, Iraqi University, Part (3), Issue (69).

13. Dr. Adnan Hashem Jawad Al-Shroufi and Dr. Aqeel Majeed Kadhim, "Product Liability for Defective Products According to the European Product Liability Directive," a research paper published in the Journal of the Message of Rights, College of Law, University of Karbala, Volume (9), Issue (2), 2022.

14. Dr. Abdul Rahim Muhammad Abdul Rahim, "Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study," a research paper published in the Journal of Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, Assiut University, Issue (55), Part (1), March 2022.

15. Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassanin, "Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability for Damages Caused by its Applications: A Detailed Study," a research paper published in the Legal Journal, Faculty of Law, Cairo University, Khartoum Branch, Volume (15), Issue (1), February 2023.

16. Dr. 17. Muhammad Ahmad Al-Madawi Abd Rabbo Mujahid, Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence Robots: A Comparative Study, published in the Legal Journal, Faculty of Law, Cairo University - Khartoum Branch, Volume (9), Issue (2), 2021.

18. Muhammad Abd Al-Qadir Al-Hajj, The Liability of the Producer and Distributor in International Trade Law, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1982.

19. Dr. Muhammad Abd Al-Sahib Abd Al-Hussein Al-Kaabi, The System of Compensation for Damages from Collective Perils, published in the Journal of the Message of Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Karbala, Issue Three, Eleventh Year, 2019.

10. Dr. 20. Muhammad Irfan Al-Khatib, Civil Liability and Artificial Intelligence: The Possibility of Accountability, An In-Depth Analytical Study of the Rules of Civil Liability in French Civil Law, published in the Kuwait International Law School Journal, Year (8), Issue (1), March 2020.

21. Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Mahdi Zaidan, Tort Liability for the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications: A Comparative Study, published in the Scientific Journal of Intellectual Property and Innovation Management, National Institute of Intellectual Property, Helwan University, Egypt, March 2024.

22. Dr. Mahmoud Muhammad Ali Muhammad, The Extent to Which Civil Law Provisions Address Artificial Intelligence Realities: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study, published in the Journal of Sharia and Law, Faculty of Sharia and Law, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Issue (42), October 2023.

23. Dr. Maha Ramadan Mohammed Bateekh, Civil Liability for Damages Caused by Artificial Intelligence Systems: A Comparative Analytical Study, published in the Legal Journal, Faculty of Law, Cairo University - Khartoum Branch, Volume (9), Issue (5), June 2021.

23. Dr. Najia Al-Atraq, Liability for Defective Products in Light of French Civil Law (Law No. 398/98), published in the Journal of Legal and Sharia Sciences issued by Al-Zawiya University, Libya, Issue (6), June 2015.

Fourth/ Miscellaneous Sources:

1. Dr. Ghassan Obeid Al-Maamouri and Dr.Ishraq Sabah Al-Araji, "Technical Concepts in the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (1689/2024)," an article published on the College of Law website, University of Karbala:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://law.uokerbala.ed

2. The New French Contract Law, translated by Dr. Nafi' Bahr Sultan, College of Law, University of Fallujah, 2014.

Fifth/ Laws

1- Comparative Legislation

1. European Artificial Intelligence Act No. 1689 of 2024. Published on the website:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://law.uokerbala.ed

2. The French Civil Code of 1804 in force and its amendments.

3. French Consumer Law No. (494/93) of 1993, in force.

4. UAE Civil Transactions Law No. 5 of 1985, in force.

5. UAE Consumer Protection Law No. (15) of 2020, in force.

2. Iraqi Legislation

1. Civil Law No. 40 of 1951, in force and as amended.

2. Relief Fund Law No. 202 of 1969, in force.

3. Civil Aviation Law No. 148 of 1984.

4. Environmental Protection and Improvement Law No. 27 of 2009, in force.

5. Consumer Protection Law No. 1 of 2010, currently in force.

6. Social Protection Law No. 11 of 2014, currently in force.