النظام السياسي والسياسات العامة في ظل الثورة الرقمية: نحو نمط جديد من الحكم

References and Sources

First: Books

1- Ahmed Al-Sayed Al-Daqn, Digital Transformation Management: A Conceptual and Procedural Guide, Cairo: Arab Administrative Development

2- Ismail Sabri Maklad, The Information Revolution and the Transformation of the Structure of International Power, Cairo: Dar Al-Shorouk, 2002.

3- Arab Administrative Development Organization, Trends of Digital Government in Arab Countries: Reality and Challenges, Cairo, 2021.

4- Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Digital Transformation and the State in the Arab World: Governance and Public Policy Challenges, Beirut, 2021.

5- Dhakir Muhyiddin Abdullah, E-Government Applications in Iraq and Arab Countries until 2014, Mosul: Dar Al-Kutub wal-Watha’iq, 2014, p. 48.

6- -Saad Ghaleb Yasin, Introduction to E-Management, Amman: Dar Al-Yazour Nabiel Ali, Arab Culture and the Information Age: A Vision for the Future of

7- Ali Abdul Fattah Kanaan, New Media and Power: Transformations in the Digital Public Sphere, Amman: Dar Al-Yazouri Scientific Publishing, 2018.

8- fares Al-Amarat & Ibrahim Al-Hamamseh, Cybersecurity (Concept and Contemporary Challenges), Amman:

9- Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. 1: The Rise of the Network Society, translated by Fatima Nasr et al., Cairo: Supreme Council of Culture, 2004..

10- Arab Cultural Discourse, Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, 2001.

11- Nader Fergany, Arabs and the Information Age: Arab Human Development Report, Beirut: UNDP, 2003.

12- Nabiel Ali, Arab Culture and the Information Age: A Vision for the Future of Arab Cultural Discourse, Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, 2001.

Second: Journal Articles and Research Papers

1- Amaal Hajja, “The Impact of Technological Development and Digital Governance Techniques on Public Policy,” Global Politics Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2023.

2- Thair Ahmed Saadoun Al-Samman & Murad Abdul Jabouri, “IT Governance Requirements and Their Role in Improving Service Quality: A Case Study of the General Directorate of Electricity Production – Salah Al-Din,” Arab Journal of Management, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2016.

3- Khalil Alawi Khalil Al-Khalidi & Marwa Abdul-Muttalib Jafar, “Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Digital Transformation in Public Policy: Opportunities and Challenges,” Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2025.

4- Salah Nouri Abdul Hassan, “The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Government Performance: A Case Study of Iraq after 2021,” Maysan Journal of Political and International Studies, No. 1, 2025.

5- Ali Abbas Obaid, “E-Governance System and Implementation Challenges in Iraqi Local Governments,” Annals of Arts, Ain Shams University, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2023.

Third:Letters

1- Mustafa Hashem Hassan, “The Impact of Capitalization Strategy on Digital Transformation: Analytical Study of the Central Bank of Iraq (2011–2022),” Master Thesis, University of Karbala, 2023.

Fourth: Foreign References

1. Manuel Castells, Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age 2nd ed., Cambridge: Polity Press, 2015.

2. -Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.

3. joseph S. Nye Jr., The Future of Power, New York: PublicAffairs, 2011.

4. United Nations, E-Government Survey 2022: The Future of Digital Government, New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2022.

5. OECD, Digital Government Review of OECD Countries, Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020.

6. OECD, Digital Government Outlook 2025: From Foundations to Transformational Impact, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2025.

7. Stephen Coleman & Jay G. Blumler, The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice and Policy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009.

8. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), UN Government Survey 2022: The Future of Digital Government, New York: United Nations, 2022.