Constitutional protection of political rights
Keywords:
Constitution, political right, election ,political lifeAbstract
Political rights are among the Important rights enjoyed by citizens because they reflect the political system in any society. If individuals do not exercise their political rights, they become rights and freedoms granted by the ruler, and he can thus reclaim them whenever he wishes. Political rights determine the political system in the state and regulate the relationship between the ruler and the ruled, whether it is a democratic or authoritarian system. The democratic system expands the practices of individuals and enables them to reach power and express the will of their people as the true holders of authority. Political rights also express the individual's ability to participate in political life without fear of oppression, discrimination or racism. These rights are closely related to the status of citizens, as they include the right to run for office. These rights guarantee the freedom to contribute to the management of the affairs of the country in which the individual lives. They assume that these rights must be organized in a way that allows the opportunity for political participation for all citizens who meet the conditions for election. Therefore, this right and this opportunity to participate in the management of public affairs should be made available without restrictions to all qualified citizens.
References
First: Books
1. Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Shiha: General Constitutional Principles, Dar Al-Jami'iyah, Beirut, Lebanon, 1982.
2. Ibn Manzur: Lisan Al-Arab, Volume 2, Part 2, Dar Al-Hadith, Cairo, Egypt, 2003.
3. Ahmed Fathi Sorour: Constitutional Legitimacy and Human Rights, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1985.
4. Al-Fayrouzabadi: Al-Qamus Al-Muhit, Vol. 1, no year of publication, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon.
5. Hussein Jamil: Human Rights in the Arab World, 2nd ed., Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, Lebanon, 2001.
6. Dr. Hamid Hanoun: Political Systems, Al-Fayek Press, Baghdad, 2008.
7. Dr. Dawoud Al-Baz: The Right to Political Participation, Mansha'at Al-Maaref, Alexandria, 1992.
8. Dr. Raafat Al-Dessouki: Political and Digital Freedoms for Public Employees, Shatat Publishing and Software House, no year of publication.
9. Dr. Raheel Muhammad Gharaibeh: Fundamental Rights and Freedoms in Islamic Law, Dar Al-Manar for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2000.
10. Raad Naji Al-Jeddah and others: The General Theory of Constitutional Law and the Constitutional System, Dar Al-Tali'ah, Baghdad, 1990.
11. Ramzi Taha Al-Shaer: The General Theory of Constitutional Law, Dar Al-Siyasiah, Kuwait, 1976.
12. Dr. Zain Badr Faraj: Questioning as a Means of Parliamentary Oversight, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Egypt, 1991.
13. Sami Jamal Al-Din: Regulations of Necessity and the Guarantee of Judicial Oversight, Mansha'at Al-Maaref, Alexandria, Egypt, 1982.
14. Saad Al-Abdali: Elections: Guarantees of Their Freedom and Fairness (A Comparative Study), Dar Dijlah, no place or year mentioned.
15. Shamran Hammadi: Political and Constitutional Systems in the Middle East, Dar Al-Ahliya, Baghdad, 1964.
16. Abdul Hakim Hussein: Public Liberties in Thought and the Political System in Islam (A Comparative Study), Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi, Cairo, 1994.
17. Abdul Ghani Bassiouni: General Principles of Constitutional Law, Dar Al Jamia, Beirut, Lebanon, 1985.
18. Abdullah Ismail: Contribution to the Preparation of the Permanent Constitution and the Election Law, University Press, Baghdad, 1990.
19. Dr. Muhammad Al Mashhadani: Political Systems, Dar Al Hikma for Printing and Publishing, Mosul, 2007.
20. Dr. Muhammad Hussam: Introduction to the Study of Law in Light of Jurisprudential Opinions and Judicial Rulings, Cairo, Egypt, 2008.
21. Muhammad Rifaat Abdul Wahab: Political Systems, Dar Al Jamia Al Jadida, Alexandria, Egypt, 2006.
22. Dr. Muhammad Farghali: Systems and Procedures for the Election of Local Council Members in Light of Islamic Jurisprudence and the Judiciary, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, Egypt, 1998
23. Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Ammar: The Mediator in Constitutional Law, Guarantees of the Independence of Legislative Councils, Dar Al-Khaleej for Press and Publishing, Jordan, 2017
24. Dr. Munther Al-Shawi: Political Voting, Dar Al-Adala Publications, Baghdad, 2001
25. Dr. Nawaf Kanaan, The Constitutional and Political System of the United Arab Emirates, Ithraa Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 2008
26. Dr. Hisham Al-Badri: Parliamentary Investigation Committees as a Means of Oversight of the Actions of the Executive Authority in Egypt and Kuwait, Dar Al-Fikr Wal-Qanun, Egypt, 2003
Second: Theses
1. Irtiqa Muhammad Al-Taie: The Constitutional Regulation of Political Rights in the 2005 Constitution of the Republic of Iraq (A Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Basra, 2013
2. Dr. Amin Rahim: Employee Political Rights, Master's Thesis (Comparative Study), College of Law, University of Babylon, 2014
3. Jaafar Sadiq: Human Rights Guarantees and Constitutional Studies, Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 1990
4. Haider Talib Mahmoud: Constitutional Judiciary Protection of Political Rights (Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Babylon, 2019
5. Siham Abbasi: Guarantees and Mechanisms for Protecting the Right to Nominate in International Conventions and the Algerian Legislative System, Master's Thesis, College of Law and Political Science, Hadj Lakhdar University, Batna, Algeria, 2014
6. Saif Jassim Muhammad: Election and Nomination as a Political Right for Employees (Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, College of Law, Middle East University, Jordan, 2017
7. Louafi Saeed: Constitutional Protection of Political Rights in Algeria, Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Khider, Biskra, Algeria, 2010
8. Hala Hedhal: Women's Civil and Political Rights in International Human Rights Law, Master's Thesis, College of Law, Al-Nahrain University, 2005.
Third: Research
1. Dr. Taha Hamid Al-Anbaki: "The Right to Vote between Constitutional and Legal Texts and Political Practice," published research, Journal of Law, College of Law, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2010.
2. Dr. Alaa Abdul Hassan, Dr. Ali Hadi, Dr. Ismail Sa'sa', Human Rights, unpublished printed lectures, College of Law, University of Babylon, 2005-2006.
3. Suad Al-Sharqawi: The Relativity of Public Freedoms and Their Impact on Legal Regulation, Encyclopedia of the Judiciary and Jurisprudence of Arab Countries, Vol. 76, Cairo, 1982.
4. Hajar Al-Arabi: "The Constitution: The Place of Rights and Freedoms," Hassiba Ben Bouali University, Chlef, Journal of the Department of Economic and Legal Sciences, Issue 16, Algeria, 2016.
Fourth: Constitutions
1. The current Iraqi Constitution of 2005.
