African Political Systems in the Face of Economic Challenges and Ethnic ConflictsA Comparative Study of Nigeria and South Africa

Abstract

this study examines political systems in Africa, through a comparative study of Nigeria and South Africa, Focusing on the impact of economic challenges and ethnic conflicts on the stability and effectiveness of these systems. the study uses a comparative and analytical approach to analyze the relationships between political, economic, and social variables in both countries. The study finds that Nigeria suffers from excessive dependence on oil and recurrent ethnic conflicts that negatively impact its political system. South Africa, on the other hand, has a more diversified economy and a balanced parliamentary political system, but faces residual economic and ethnic inequalities from the former apartheid regime. The findings suggest that strengthening political institutions, diversifying the economy. and effectively managing ethnic diversity are key factors for achieving political stability and sustainable development in both countries.