تسليم المجرمين بين الالتزام الدولي والقيود الدستورية

المؤلفون

  • المدرس المساعد . محمد مهدي هادي جامعة الكوفة / رئاسة الجامعة - قسم الشؤون القانونية المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.V3.I2.Y2026.P951-979.437

الكلمات المفتاحية:

- تسليم المجرمين - معاهدات التسليم - انابة قضائية - جريمة سياسية - تعاون دولي

الملخص

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة آلية تسليم المجرمين بين الالتزامات الدولية والقيود الدستورية في القانون العراقي، من خلال تحليل الإطار المفاهيمي والأسس القانونية المنظمة له، مع بيان الشروط والموانع والرقابة القضائية المرتبطة به. اعتمد البحث على المنهج التحليلي القانوني، حيث تم الاستناد إلى المصادر التشريعية العراقية (مثل الدستور العراقي لعام 2005 وقانون الإجراءات الجزائية رقم 23 لسنة 1971 المعدل)، والمعاهدات الدولية (كمعاهدة الأمم المتحدة ضد الجريمة المنظمة عبر الوطنية)، بالإضافة إلى الدراسات الفقهية والقضائية ذات الصلة يتناول البحث في المطلب الأول الإطار المفاهيمي والأساس القانوني للتسليم في العراق حيث يعرف الفرع الأول التسليم قانونياً كإجراء يقضي به القضاء بتسليم مجرم إلى دولة أخرى لطلبها لمحاكمته أو تنفيذ حكم عليه، بينما يبين الفرع الثاني المصادر القانونية الرئيسية مثل الدستور والقوانين الجزائية والمعاهدات الدولية المصادق عليها أما المطلب الثاني فسنتناول فيه الإجراءات المنظمة لطلب التسليم إذ نخصص الفرع الأول لبيان كيفية تقديم طلب التسليم والضوابط القانونية التي تحكمه في حين يخصص الفرع الثاني لبحث الآلية المتبعة في تنفيذ عملية التسليم وما يرتبط بها من إجراءات تضمن إتمامها وفقاً للأحكام القانونية واستكمالاً لما تقدم يتناول المطلب الثالث شروط التسليم والانابة القضائية إذ يفصل الفرع الأول الشروط الأساسية (كالجريمة الجنائية المزدوجة والعقوبة المناسبة) والموانع (كالجنسيات العراقية أو الجرائم السياسية والعسكرية ) مشدداً على أهميتها في تحقيق التوازن بين السيادة والتعاون الدولي بينما يناقش الفرع الثاني الإنابة القضائية من خلال بيان المحددات التي نظمها المشرع العراقي كما خلص البحث إلى ضرورة تطوير تشريع عراقي موحد يوفق بين الالتزامات الدولية والحماية الدستورية ، مع توصيات بتعزيز الرقابة القضائية وتدريب الكوادر القانونية لتسهيل الإجراءات .

المراجع

Sources and references

First/ Books:

1. Jundi Abdul Malik, The Criminal Encyclopedia, Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Al-Ilm Lil Jami', Vol. (2(.

2. Abdul Amir Hassan Al-Junaih, Extradition of Criminals in Iraq, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraqi Foundation for Advertising and Printing, 1988.

3. Fakhri Abdul Razzaq Salbi Al-Hadithi, Explanation of the Law of Criminal Procedures, Legal Library, Baghdad, 2019 Revised Edition.

4. Fadl Adam Fadl Al-Masiri, Judicial Delegation in Civil and Commercial Matters, A Comparative Study, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2005.

Second/ Research Papers:

1. Adwa Muhammad Al-Muhammad, International Agreements in Light of Extradition, Research published in the Scientific Journal of Public Policy and Development Studies, Egyptian Union for Development Policies and Social Protection, Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt.

2. Ibtisam Bou Ma'za, The Extradition System and its Role in Achieving International Cooperation to Combat Corruption in Algeria According to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, Journal of Sharia and Economics, Prince Abdul Qadir University for Islamic Sciences, Faculty of Sharia and Economics Constantine, Algeria, Volume 8, Issue 15, 2019.

3. Ibrahim El-Sayed Ramadan, Extradition of Perpetrators of International Crimes within the Framework of the Rules of International Criminal Law, Egyptian Journal of International Law, Egyptian Society for International Law, Volume 73, Issue 73, Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2017.

4. Ahmed Atta Abdel-Azim, Extradition of Political Criminals in Light of the Rules of Public International Law, Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Menoufia University, Faculty of Law, Volume 50, Issue 3, Egypt, 2019.

5. Al-Walid Abdel-Haq Al-Siddiq Mahmoud, The Extradition System and its Applications in Sudanese Law and Judiciary: A Comparative Study, International Journal of Jurisprudence, Judiciary and Legislation, Judges Club of Egypt, Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2022.

6. Bahi Sharif Muhammad, The Role of International Agreements in Extradition as a Mechanism of International Judicial Cooperation, Journal of Legal and Economic Studies, United Arab Emirates University, College of Law, United Arab Emirates.

7. Ben Yahia Naima, International Judicial Delegation as a Mechanism for International Cooperation in Combating Crime, Journal of Legal Studies, University of Saida, Dr. Moulay Taher, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Issue 7, Algeria, 2017.

8. Bouakkaz Asma, Mbareki Dalila, Interpol and its Role in Implementing Extradition Agreements within the Framework of Combating Organized Crime, Al-Bahith Journal for Academic Studies, Issue 3, Volume 8, University of Batna 1, Algeria, 2021.

9. Tadrissat Karima, Obstacles to the extradition system as a mechanism for international judicial cooperation in combating transnational organized crime, Critical Journal of Law and Political Science, Mouloud Mammeri University, Issue 1, 2014.

10. Hossam Abdel Nasser Salman Badran, The nature of judicial delegation (its justifications and purposes), Journal of Legal Studies, Assiut University, Faculty of Law, Issue 50, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2020.

11. Hassan Farhan Habib, International Cooperation in Combating Cross-Border Organized Crime within the Framework of Criminal Law: A Study of Mechanisms and Challenges, Dijlah Journal of Humanities, Dijlah University, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026.

12. Hassanein Ali Hassan and Ali Sadeqi, Legal and Sharia Sources for the Extradition System, Journal of Arts of Dhi Qar, Volume 7, Issue 46, 2024.

13. Khalil Ibrahim Mohammed, Zeina Hazem Khalaf Al-Jubouri, The Judge's Discretionary Authority in Matters of International Judicial Delegation, Al-Rafidain Journal of Law, University of Mosul, College of Law, Volume 18, Issue 63, 2020.

14. Drias Omar, Extradition of Criminals Based on the Principle of Reciprocity, Herodotus Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Algiers, College of Law, Issue 1, Volume 8, Algiers, 2024.

15. Ziad Mohammed Jafal, Extradition of Criminals as One of the Mechanisms of the League of Arab States to Combat Terrorism and the Position of the UAE Legislator, University of Sharjah Journal of Legal Sciences, University of Sharjah, Volume 16, Issue 1, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 2019.

16. Saud Jassim Al-Marzouqi, International Cooperation in Combating Cybercrime (Convention Budapest and the Role of the State of Qatar, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Issue 69, Beirut, Lebanon, 2025.

17. Sherihan Mamdouh Hassan Ahmed, International Judicial Delegation in Criminal Matters in Light of the 1983 Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation, Journal of Legal Studies, Assiut University, Faculty of Law, Volume 51, Issue 1, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2021.

18. Lakhdari Abdelhak, The Principle of Extradition and its Role in Activating the Rules of International Criminal Law, Al-Bahith Journal for Academic Studies, University of Tebessa, Volume 6, Issue 1, Algeria, 2019.

19. Laouarem Wahiba, The Extradition System (A Comparative Analytical Study between International Conventions, Algerian Legislation, and Comparative Legislations), Al-Bibane Journal for Legal and Political Studies, Mohamed El-Bachir El-Ibrahimi University, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Algeria, Issue 1, 2016.

20. Mohamed Ahmed Issa, Abdul Aziz Abdullah Al-Rashoud, Procedural Rules for Extradition Criminals in the Saudi System According to International Agreements, Journal of Law, Kuwait University, Scientific Publishing Council, Kuwait, Volume 44, Issue 1, Kuwait, 2020.

21. Hadi Naeem Al-Maliki, Sarah Dhafer Abdul Hamid, Special Conditions of Crime in Extradition According to the Provisions of International Law and Iraqi Law, Journal of Legal Sciences, University of Baghdad, College of Law, 2019.

22. Huda Ismail Ismail Suleiman Shehab, Sources of States' Obligation to the Extradition System, Middle East Research Journal, Center for Middle East Research and Future Studies, Ain Shams University, Issue 119, Egypt, 2025.

Third/ Theses and Dissertations:

1- Tabarak Nasser Azzouz Mohammed Al-Zamili, Dual Criminalization within the Framework of the Extradition System (A Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, Al-Qadisiyah University, College of Law, 2019.

2- Saleh Abdullah Mohammed Rashid Al-Ward, Judicial Delegation in the Qatari Criminal Procedure Law (A Comparative Study), Master's Thesis, Qatar University, College of Law, Qatar, 2017.

3- Lahmar Fafa, Extradition Procedures in Algerian Legislation in Light of International Conventions, Master's Thesis, University of Oran, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Algeria, 2014.

4- Yasser Mohammed Al-Jabour, Extradition or Presentation of Criminals in International Conventions and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Master's Thesis, Middle East University, Faculty of Law, Department of Public Law, 2011.

Fourth/ Legislation and Laws:

1- Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005.

2- Code of Criminal Procedure No. 23 of 1971, as amended.

3- Law Ratifying the Arab Convention for Combating Terrorism And its amendment No. (35) of 2008, published in the Iraqi Gazette, Issue No. 4104, January 5, 2009.

Fifth/ International and Judicial Decisions:

a. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. 118/Extended Criminal Panel/2019, dated March 27, 2019.

b. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Legislative Guidelines for the Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols, United Nations, New York, 2004.

Sixth/ Websites:

1- Judge Hanaa Ali Al-Fayyad, "The File of Extraditing Fugitives: 542 Corruption Cases Against Defendants Abroad, and Countries Do Not Cooperate," an article published on (June 2, 2019) at the following link: https://www.mawazin.net/Details.aspx?jimare=49321

2- Habib Al-Quraishi, an article published on (January 2, 2025) at the following link: https://aljeebal.com/posts/2779

3- Riyadh Hani Bahar, "The Importance of Bilateral Agreements for the Extradition of Internationally Wanted Persons," an article published on (November 23, 2011) on the Civil Dialogue website, via the following link: https://m.ahewar.org/s.asp?aid=284612&r=0

4- Majid Hawi Al-Rubaie, "Provisions for the Extradition of Criminals in International Law," an article published on (July 30, 2022) on the Civil Dialogue website, via the following link The following: https://ahewar.net/m/s.asp?aid=763733

التنزيلات

منشور

2026-06-01

كيفية الاقتباس

تسليم المجرمين بين الالتزام الدولي والقيود الدستورية. (2026). مجلة اشور للعلوم القانونية و السياسية تصدر عن الجمعية العراقية للعلوم القانونية, 3(2), 951-979. https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.V3.I2.Y2026.P951-979.437

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