ماهية الاستخدام العادل في العلامات التجارية (دراسة مقارنة)

شهد محسن نصيف; د. جعفر كاظم جبر

doi:10.64184/ajlps.V2.I4.Y2025.P258-285.261

المؤلفون

شهد محسن نصيف المؤلف
د. جعفر كاظم جبر المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.V2.I4.Y2025.P258-285.261

الكلمات المفتاحية:

العلامات التجارية، المشهورة، الاستخدام العادل، الاسمي، الوصفي..

الملخص

في ظل العولمة والانفتاح الاقتصادي، اصبحت العلامات التجارية المشهورة عنصرا حيوياً لأي شركة تسعى لتحقيق النجاح، وتمتاز هذه العلامات بقوة جاذبيتها التجارية، حيث تجذب المستهلكين بفضل سمعتها المرتبطة بالمنتجات التي تحملها، ولهذا السبب تكون العلامات التجارية المشهورة عرضة للاستغلال غير المشروع من قبل التجار الذين يسعون الى تحقيق مكاسب شخصية بتكاليف منخفضة، دون اعتبار للأضرار التي قد تلحق بالعلامة الاصلية.

وهذا الاستغلال يؤدي الى ما يعرف ب " تخفيف العلامات التجارية" وهي ظاهرة تضعف التميز الذي تتمتع به العلامة المشهورة، حيث يتضاءل تأثيرها في اذهان المستهلكين، ويحدث ذلك نتيجة ربط العلامة بمنتجات او خدمات لا تمت بصلة الى العلامة الاصلية مما يفقد قيمتها التجارية بمرور الوقت، او قد يؤثر على سمعة العلامة الاصلية بعد ربطها بمنتج ذات جودة رديئة. وفي مواجهة هذا الامتداد الواسع للحماية، برز مبدأ الاستخدام العادل كألية توازن تحد من الحماية وتراعي مقتضيات حرية التعبير، فالهدف من الاستخدام العادل ليس تقييد الحقوق الممنوحة لمالك العلامة التجارية، بل ضبط حدودها بما ينسجم مع الوظائف الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للعلامة.

المراجع

l. LEGISLATION

1. The Iraqi Trademarks and Trade Descriptions Law No.21 of 1957

2. The Iraqi Copyright Law No.3 of 1971 (as amended).

3. The Lanham Act of 1946.

4. Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995 (FADA).

5.Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006.

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