ال الاستخدام المعاصر للذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال التحقيق الجنائي

The Holy Quran

First - Legal Books

1- Ahmed Hamid Saeed Al-Nuaimi, Sharia and Legal Provisions for Proving Lineage Using DNA Fingerprinting, College of Law, University of Mosul, Iraq, 2010.

2- Ahmed Majid, Artificial Intelligence in the United Arab Emirates, Department of Economic Studies and Policies, Ministry of Economy, Abu Dhabi, 2018.

3- Khaled Ayyad Al-Halabi, Investigation and Procedures in Computer and Internet Crimes, Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 2011.

4- Khaled Muhammad Ajaj, Ali Dayeh Jeryan, Principles of Criminal Investigation, Dar Al-Taalim Al-Jami'i, Alexandria, 2018.

5- Dr. Sami Abdel Rahman, Digital Evidence in Criminal Procedures, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi, Cairo, 2020.

6- Adel Abdel Sadek, Digital Democracy, Arab Center for Cyberspace Research, Cairo, 2009.

7- Adel Abdel Nour, Introduction to the World of Artificial Intelligence, Publisher: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia, 2005.

8- Abdel Qader Matay, Challenges and Requirements of Using Artificial Intelligence in Modern Applications of Knowledge Management Processes in Business Organizations, Tenth National Forum on Complex Information Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence and Their Role in Economic Institutional Decision-Making, University of Skikda, Algeria, 2012.

9- Ali Hassan Rasmi, Ahmed Jasraha Muhammad, Criminal Investigation and Insects (The Role of Insects in Detecting Crime), Academic Library, Egypt, 2015.

10- Dr. Ammar Abbas Al-Hasani, Visual Imaging and Audio Recording and Their Validity in Criminal Evidence, A Comparative Study, Dar Al-Salam Legal Library, Arab Center for Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, 2017.

11- Fadel Zidan Muhammad, The Authority of the Criminal Judge in Assessing Evidence, 1st ed., Dar Al-Thaqafa, Amman, 2005.

12- Dr. Mamoun Muhammad Salama, Criminal Procedures in Egyptian Legislation, Vol. 1, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2008.

13- Muhammad Abu Al-Qasim Al-Ratimy, Artificial Intelligence Applications, Libyan Society for Artificial Intelligence, 7th of April University, Al-Zawiya, Libya, n.d.

14- Muhammad Anwar Ashour, Basic Principles of Practical Criminal Investigation, Ilm Al-Kutub, Cairo, 1987.

15- Muhammad Al-Sharqawi, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks, Imam Ja'far Al-Sadiq University Publications, Baghdad, 2011.

16- Muhammad Ra'fat Othman, Genetic Material (Genome) - Jurisprudential Issues, 3rd ed., Dar Al-Kutub Al-Masryia, Cairo, 2012.

17- Muhammad Subhi Najm, A Brief Introduction to Criminal Procedure Law, 1st ed., Dar Al-Thaqafa, Amman, 2006.

18- Muhammad Abd Al-Zaher, Artificial Intelligence Journalism (The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Media Restructuring), Badail Publishing and Distribution House, Cairo, 2018.

19- Mahmoud Naguib Hosni, Explanation of the Criminal Procedure Code, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2010.

20- Nizar Mustafa Al-Mallah, Introduction to Forensic Entomology, University of Mosul. 2016.

21- Yahya Hamoud Murad Al-Waili, Guarantees of the Accused Before the Iraqi Supreme Criminal Court, A Comparative Study with International Criminal Justice, College of Law, University of Babylon, 2010.

Second: Theses and Dissertations

1- Ahmed Diaa El-Din Mohammed Khalil, The Legitimacy of Evidence in Criminal Cases, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Law, Ain Shams University, 1987.

2- Asmaa Mohammed Al-Sayed, Applications of Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Educational Technology, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Education, Minya University, 2020.

3- Ashraf Basyouni, Forensic Entomology and Its Role in Uncovering Crime Circumstances, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Law, Cairo University, 2017.

4- Khaled Ali Nazzal, Criminal Investigation in Cybercrimes, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Law, Mansoura University, 2018.

5- Salah El-Din Othman Mahdi, Using Expert Systems as an Approach to Improving External Auditor Performance, PhD Thesis, Amman Arab University, Jordan.

6- Omar Sayed Gamal Al-Bahri, The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on Improving Security Performance Efficiency, PhD Thesis, Police Academy, Cairo, 2019.

7- Mohamed Abdel Halim Attia, Legal Evidence in Criminal Evidence, Master's Thesis, Ain Shams University, 2019.

Third - Journals

1- Ibrahim Sadiq Al-Jundi, An Analytical Study of the Use of DNA Fingerprints as Medical Evidence in Criminal Cases, Research Submitted to the Contemporary Medical Evidence Conference, Volume 3, 2014.

2- Athir Diab Abbas, The Role of Digital Methods in Criminal Detection and Evidence, Al-Farabi Journal of Humanities, Al-Farabi University College, Volume 2, Issue 5, 2024.

3- Ardalan Abdel Rahman, Forensic Entomology/Forensic Insects Decomposing the Corpses of Victims as a Model - An Analytical Study, Fifth International Scientific Conference, Nawroz University Academic Journal, Issue 1, 2025.

4- Jassim Naeem Jabri, Application of the Principle of Legal Acquittal: Achieving Justice and Ensuring the Rights of the Accused/A Comparative Study between Iraqi and French Law, Journal of the Iraqi University, Volume 71, Issue 4, 2024.

5- Dr. Jaafar Muhammad Fahad, Dr. Rabah Sulaiman Khalifa, The Effectiveness of Images in Criminal Evidence, Journal of the College of Law and Legal and Political Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Volume 13, Issue 48, 2024.

6- Radhi Zaher, The Use of Social Media in the Arab World, Journal of Education, University of Amman, Issue 15, Amman, 2003.

7- Dr. Rabab Mustafa Abdel Moneim Al-Hakim, The Validity of Fingerprints in Criminal Evidence, Al-Azhar University, First Issue 1/1, Issue 39, 2024.

8- Razzaq Saad Ali, The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Data Analysis Techniques in Data Reveal, Journal of Legal and Economic Studies, Volume 9, Issue 3, 2023.

9- Ruwa Ali Attia, Dr. Ashraf Rammal, The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technologies on the Rights Enshrined in the Iraqi Constitution of 2005, An Analytical Study, Journal of the College of Law and Political Science at the University of Iraq, Year 6, Issue 25, 2024.

10- Zuleikha Ben Taya, The Validity of DNA Fingerprints in Proving Crimes, Journal of Legal Studies and Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2020, Algeria.

10- Zuleikha Bin Tayah, "The Validity of Genetic Fingerprints in Proving Crime," Journal of Legal Studies and Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2020, Algeria.

11- Sameh Al-Jundi, "Modern Criminal Evidence Methods," National Criminal Journal, National Center for Social and Criminological Research, Volume 65, Issue 2, 2022.

12- Dr. Saad Khalfan Al Dhaheri, Artificial Intelligence (The New Competitive Force), Future Foresight and Decision Support Center, Issue 299, Dubai, 2017.

13. Atef Al Shirawi, Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Investigation, Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Mansoura University, Issue 75, 2021.

14. Adnan Al Sabbagh, Modern Communications and Technology, Journal of Technological Sciences, Petra University, Issue 8, Amman, 2010.

15. Omar Muhammad Munib Idlebi, The Scope of Criminal Liability Arising from Artificial Intelligence Errors, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Journal of Legal Studies, Jordan, 2014.

16. Dr. Muhammad Muhammad Abd Al-Zahir Musa, The Probative Value of Digital Evidence and the Controls of Conviction of the Criminal Judge, Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Beni Suef University, Volume 36, Issue 2, 2024.

17. Dr. Nawfal Ali Abdullah, Khaled Awni Khattab, The Role of Modern Imaging Devices in Criminal Evidence, A Comparative Study, Al-Rafidain Journal of Law, Volume 15, Issue 55, 2017.

18- Wafaa Abu Al-Maati, Criminal Liability for Artificial Intelligence Crimes, Ruh Al-Qawanin Journal, Issue 96, 2021.

19- Dr. Yahya Ibrahim Dahshan, Liability for Artificial Intelligence Crimes, Sharia and Law Journal, Issue 82, 2020.

Fourth: Internet Sources

1- Riyam Thaer Ahmed, Digital Investigations, 2025, published on the website https://www.uomus.edu.iq. Visited on July 23, 2025.

2- Zahraa Jawad Kazim, The Use of Insects in Criminal Investigation, 2023, published on the website https://uokerbala.edu.iq/archives on July 4, 2025.

3- Adnan Al-Subaie, Criminal Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence: Limits of Legitimacy and Guarantees of a Fair Trial, published on the website https://www.droitetentreprise.com, accessed on May 12, 2025.

4- Dr. Adnan Mustafa Al-Baz, Big Data and its Applications, 2018, published on the website https://www.scribd.com/document, accessed on June 14, 2025.

5- Ali Abu Al-Hassan, Predicting Human Behavior Using Artificial Intelligence, published on the website https://www.amankids.com/post/16702/, accessed on July 21, 2025.

6- Dr. Mona Ibrahim Jassim Al-Mousawi, The Role of Insects in Detecting Crimes, University of Karbala, 2020, published on the website https://uokerbala.edu.iq/archives, accessed on July 5, 2025.

7- Nabaa Ali Khalil, Face Recognition in Difficult Environments, 2024, article published on the website, https://uomus.edu.iq/NewDep.aspx?depid8, accessed on July 20, 2025.

8- Statistics Center in Abu Dhabi, General Concepts of Big Data, United Arab Emirates, Ajman, 2021, p. 6, published on the website https://scc.ajman.ae/sites/default/files/publications, accessed on June 12, 2025.

Fifth: Laws

1- Egyptian Criminal Procedure Code No. (150) of 1950

2- Iraqi Code of Criminal Procedure No. (23) of 1971

3- UAE Federal Law No. (34) of 2021 on Combating Rumors and Cybercrimes

Sixth: Constitutions

1- The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates of 1971.

2- The Egyptian Constitution of 1914.

3- The Iraqi Constitution of 2005.