المسؤولية المدنية عن فعل تقنيات الذكاء الإصطناعي (التطور في ظل الثبات)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.V2.I3.Y2025.P573-606.142الكلمات المفتاحية:
الذكاء الإصطناعي، المسؤولية، الخطأ، التقنيات، الروبوت.الملخص
مما لاشك فيه ان الفكر الإنساني أمر ضروري في تطوير الذكاء الإصطناعي الذي يهدف إلى محاكاة الذكاء البشري، لاسيما أن الذكاء الإصطناعي محدد بالوظائف الموكلة إليه أما من أجل تلبية الحاجة التي من أجلها تستخدم هذه التقنيات أو بسبب حدود التقدم العلمي والتكنولوجي في الوقت الحاضر، لأن هذه التقنيات لا تزال قابلة للتطوير على مستوى العالم وان الشخص الطبيعي لا يزال يستوعب مستواها المعرفي، وبالتالي فان التطور الحالي والمستقبلي للذكاء الإصطناعي يدعو الحاجة إلى تطور مفهوم المسؤولية المدنية وإيجاد الحلول القانونية لمعرفة المسؤول عن الضرر الناجم عن استخدام هذه التقنيات لاسيما في ظل تعدد الجهات الفاعلة.
المراجع
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