التحولات السياسية وأثرها في توجهات الحزب الشيوعي الفرنسي بعد عام 1991

م. هديل نواف احمد عبيد

doi:10.64184/ajlps.V3.I1.Y2026.P1-18.211

Authors

Lecturer Hadeel Nawaf Ahmed Obaid College of Political Sciences- University of Mosul Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.V3.I1.Y2026.P1-18.211

Keywords:

Party, Communist, Transformations, Directions, France

Abstract

Abstract

The French communist party PCF represents a deep case study in the path of the European communist parties as the party was influenced and derived from the soviet union, but after the collapse the last, the party turned from apolitical force in France in to a marginal party. The importance of research is due to the knowledge of the party ideological crisis, as it turned from focus to class struggle to adopting social issues, and this transformations was not just a natural development but rather a strategy for adaptation and change.

This research aim to shed light on the political and ideological transformations of the French communist party and define the main trends that the party has distinguished after the collapse of the soviet union in 1991, which changed the party path after its passage of the period of great decline in its influence as a result of changing the global scene and keeping pace with the changes and the extent of the party's impact on the French political scene.

The research came out with a sentence, the most important of which is that the political transformations after 1991 specifically the collapse of the soviet union, was a turning point and severe blow to the French communist party, after the party was the strongest communist parties in Europe, which led it to restructure its regime and ideology in an attempt to adapt to the new political scene, and this leads to say that the future of the party is not clear, it is stuck between its historical identity and its continuous struggle, this leads to integration with the parties or fading.

References

Firstly/ Books

1. Arab Socialist Union, Third Yearbook, Meeting with the French Communist Party Delegation, 1st edition, Egypt, 1966.

2. Ian Birchall, The Rise of the Communist Party in France, 1st edition, Burney Press, Paris, 2013.

3. Jacques Marc Daniel: History of the World Economy, 1st edition, Dar Al-Saqi, 2023.

4. Stanley Arnovitz, Charles Mills and the New Left, translated by Fadi Melhem, 1st edition, Arab Center for Policy and Research Studies, 2008.

5. Muhammad Salmawi, A Comparative Study in Democratic Socialism, 1st edition, Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Egypt, 1980. 1. Arab Socialist Union, Third Yearbook, Meeting with the French Communist Party Delegation, 1st edition, Egypt, 1966.

Secondly/ Magazines and periodicals:

1. Akram Abd Ali: The position of the French Socialist and Communist Parties on a number of Arab issues in the French press (1956-1973), Journal of Regional Studies, Year 10, Issue 32, 2013.

2. Padraig O’Malley: Challenges of the New Period, Journal of the African Communist Party, No. 135, October 29, 1993.

Third/ International information network:

1. Facts about the French Communist Party, article available on the Internet on July 25, 2025 at: https://www.kidskiddle.com

2. Irwin M. Wall, France, United State and the Algeria war, 264, from: https://www.pi,semanticscholar.org the date of visiting the web 12/8/2025.

3. Kulaib Sami: The French Communist and Global Capitalism, Al-Safir newspaper, issue 8816, dated 1-30-2001, the complete archive of Al-Safir newspaper. Published on the International Information Network: https://www.archive.assafir.com The date of visiting the web 14/9/2025.

4. Plange Maurizio Vannicelli, French communist party Diversity in Unity, Proletarian internationalism and Allegiance, 2021. From https://www.tylorfrancis.com the date of visiting the web 21/9/2025

5. Rashid Guilleb: Leader of the French Communist: Our party is a tool to impose change, article published on the International Information Network, Iraqi Communist Party website, January 2020, https://www.iraqcp.com The date of visiting the web 14/9/2025.

6. Saab Saeed: The French Communist and the Limits of Change, Al-Safir newspaper, issue 7577, 12/24/1996, an article published in the International Information Network: https://www.archive.assafir.com The date of visiting the web 12/9/2025.

7. Stefano Fello, France: recent political development, and the 2024 national Assembly elections, 20 January 2025, P. 7. From: https://commonslibraryparliament.uk the date of visiting the web 15/9/2025.

8. The French Communist Party: Its History and Influence, 4 March 2025, article published on the International Information Network, available at: https://www.communistuniverse.com The date of visiting the web 22/8/2025.

9. The return of the French Communist Party to its basics, (Al-Fajr newspaper, Wednesday, October 2025), an article published on the International Information Network, available at the website: https://alfajr-news.net The date of visiting the web 18/9/2025.

Fourth/ English sources:

1. André, Kaun, Dictionarite de politique, Larousse, Paris, 1979.

2. David. S. Bell, the French communist party from revolution to reform 8-21-2018. https://www.manchesterioenarchive.com. The date of visiting the web 22/8/2025.

3. Martin, J. Bull and Paul Heywood, West European Communist Party after the Revolution of 1989.

4. Neil Nucent and David Lowe: the French communist party, the Road to Democratic government, semester political journal, No. 48, July, 1977, p. 270

5. Sudhir Hazaree Shigh, Intellectulles and the French communist party, Clarendon Press, 1991.

6. Victoria Goerge: the French communist party, revolutionary party of political factions, the position of French communist party in the turmoil of the cold war. 1944-1953, thesis submitted for a master’s degree in international relations academician (2023-2024) Utrecht University, June, 2021.