المعوقات السياسية وتأثيرها على الإصلاح السياسي العراقي ما بعد العام 2011م

م.د. هديل ابراهيم محمد

doi:10.64184/ajlps.V3.I2.Y2026.737-757.368

المؤلفون

م.د. هديل ابراهيم محمد جامعة كركوك / كلية القانون والعلوم السياسية المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.V3.I2.Y2026.737-757.368

الكلمات المفتاحية:

العراق، الإصلاح السياسي، المحاصصة، الأحزاب السياسية، الفساد.

الملخص

يكتسب موضوع الإصلاح السياسي في العراق أهمية كبيرة وبالغة، اذ تمثل تجربته بعد عام (2003) حالة فريدة في تاريخ التحولات السياسية المعاصرة، فقد انتقل من النظام الاستبدادي سلطوي احادي الحزبية الى نظام ديمقراطي تعددي فدرالي في ظل ظروف مُعقدة تمثلت باحتلال خارجي وتدخلات إقليمية، فعلى الرغم من إنجازاته الدستورية سواءً بإجراء انتخابات دورية وتداول سلمي للسلطة؛ الا ان عملية الإصلاح السياسي في العراق ماتزال تواجه من المعوقات الداخلية والخارجية العديدة، فقد حالت من دون ان تلبي مطالب المواطنين ومن ثم التحول الى دولة فاعلة يحكمها سيادة القانون، الا ان هذه المعوقات تتشعب؛ لتطال مفاصل الدولة كافة؛ مما تؤثر على الاستقرار المجتمعي ومن ثم تسهم في حالة من الجمود الإصلاحي الذي يأتي في مقدمتها انعدام رغبة الإرادة السياسية لدى النخب الحاكمة والضعف في أداء المؤسسات السياسية بشقيها الرسمية وغير الرسمية وانتشارا الفساد المالي والإداري فضلا عن هيمنة المحاصصة الطائفية والسياسية على أجزاء الدولة كافة.

المراجع

sources

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1. Zaid Al-Ali and Yousef Awf. The Iraqi Constitution: Analysis of Contentious Articles, Solutions, and Proposals. Beirut: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 2020.

2. Kamal Al-Basri and Basim Abdul-Hadi Hassan. Economic Reform Policy in Iraq 2003-2008. Baghdad: Iraqi Institute for Economic Reform, n.d.

3. Mohammed Wael Al-Qaisi. Iraq's Place in the American Strategy Towards the Gulf: A Future Study. Doha: Arab Scientific Publishers, 2013.

4. A Group of Authors. The Most Important Events That Iraq Experienced in 2016. Karbala, Iraq: Center for Strategic Studies, 2017.

5. Mahdi Al-Hafiz. Now and Tomorrow: Treatments in Economics and Politics. Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Jamal Publications, 2009.

Second: Periodicals

1. Ahmed Fadel Jassim Dawood. "Societal Instability in Post-2003 Iraq: An Analytical Study," International Politics Journal, 2014.

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3. Saadi Ibrahim. "Political Instability in Post-2003 Iraq." BAD Journal, 2018.

4. Huda Ahmed Hassan. "The Role of the Legislative Authority in Overseeing the Actions of the Executive Authority under the Federal Constitution of Iraq." Journal of Political Science, June 2024.

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2. Political Studies Unit. "The 2025 Iraqi Parliamentary Elections: Will They Transform the Political Landscape or Reproduce It?" Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, November 9, 2025.

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2. Hamza Rashid Al-Sidawi. "The Immunity of Members of Parliament, the Penal Code, and How to Hold Them Accountable in Iraq." Al-Ta'akhi Newspaper, August 16, 2025.

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5. Wafiq al-Samarrai. “The Iraqi Elections and the Hopeful Options.” Asharq Al-Awsat Newspaper, No. 11428 (2010).

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1. Ahmed Adnan al-Mayali. An Introduction to Political Reform in Iraq. March 2020. https://annabaa.org/arabic/authorsarticles/23305 (Accessed March 11, 2026).

2. Former Iraqi Trade Minister Sentenced to 21 Years in Prison on Corruption Charges. February 12, 2018. https://arabic.rt.com/middle_east.

3. Iraq Among the Top 10 Arab Countries with the Highest Unemployment Rates in 2025. February 10, 2026. https://shafaq.com/ar.

4. Iraq Pays Final Installment of Compensation The $52.4 billion invasion of Kuwait. February 9, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-60327970.

5. Amna al-Salami. Planning Ministry announces decrease in illiteracy rate in Iraq. May 4, 2025. https://ina.iq/ar/local/232684--.htm.

6. Saddam Ibrahim Khudair. Government and Political Reform in Iraq. July 18, 2019. http://www.politics-dz.com.

7. Central Bank Governor determines the size of his country's debt and comments on the increasing budget deficit. October 18, 2025. https://arabic.rt.com/business/.

8. Mohammed al-Salami. Iraq between the jaws of Iranian-Israeli ambitions. November 2016. https://rasanah-iiis.org/english/monitoring-and-translation/articles/iraq-between-the-jaws-of-iranian-and-israeli

9. Ministry of Planning. The Ministry of Planning announces the results of the socio-economic survey of families in Iraq, showing a decrease in the poverty rate to 17.5%, compared to 20.05% in 2018. 2025. https://mop.gov.iq/archi