التنمية المستدامة وحقوق الانسان الدستورية

المؤلفون

  • د. م. نغم عبد الستار حسين الجميلي* جامعة الموصل/ كلية الحقوق* المؤلف

الكلمات المفتاحية:

التنمية المستدامة، حقوق الإنسان، الحق في التنمية، خطة التنمية المستدامة 2030، الدساتير العربية، الدستور العراقي

الملخص

يناقش البحث موضوع التنمية المستدامة إرتباطاً بحقوق الإنسان، التي أصبحت حقاً من حقوق الإنسان، بعد تبني المجتمع الدولي عبر الأمم المتحدة بإعلان الحق في التنمية لعام 1986، وخطة التنمية المستدامة 2030 لعام 2015، وإعطائها أبعاداً عالمية ووطنية، محورها الأساس الإنسان، وتمت مناقشة الموضوع من خلال مبحثين، ناقشنا في المبحث الأول مفهوم التنمية المستدامة من حيث التعريف والأهداف، فيما خصص المبحث الثاني للتنمية المستدامة في الدساتير المعاصرة تم التركيز فيه على الدساتير العربية ومن بينها الدستور العراقي، وأنهينا البحث بخاتمة تضمنت النتائج والتوصيات التي توصلنا إليها، وفي مقدمتها أن التنمية المستدامة مرتبطة إرتباط لزوم بحقوق الإنسان، ما حولها إلى إلتزام قانوني على الدول مرتبط بدساتيرها من جهة وبالإتفاقيات والإعلانات الدولية التي وقعت عليها من جهة أخرى، ما يتطلب تفعيل هذه الإلتزام عبر التقارير والمؤشرات ومتابعتها.

المراجع

First: Arabic Books:

1 Dr. Ismail Sabri Abdullah, Arab Development, Dar Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi, Cairo, 1983.

2 Aurelius Cristescu, Self-Determination and Its Historical Development through United Nations Instruments, United Nations Publications, 1981.

3 Bater Muhammad Ali Wardam, The Dangers of Globalization on Sustainable Development, Al-Ahlia Publishing and Distribution, Amman (Jordan), 2003.

4 Douglas Muschet, Principles of Sustainable Development, translated by Bahaa Shaheen, 1st ed., International House for Cultural Investments, Cairo, 2000.

5 Dr. Tariq Kazim Ajeel, Explanation of the Iraqi Investment Law, Al-Sanhouri Library for Publishing, Baghdad, 2009.

6 Abdul Khaliq Abdullah, Sustainable Development and the Relationship between Environment and Development, Studies in Arab Development: Reality and Prospects, Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi Series, 1st ed., Beirut, 1985.

7 Dr. Abdul Rahman Saif Sardar, Sustainable Development, Dar Al Raya for Publishing and Distribution, Amman (Jordan), 2015.

8 Abdul Karim Ahmed Jameel, Modern Human Development, 1st ed., Al Janadriyah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman (Jordan), 2017.

9 Dr. Abdullah Al-Saidi, Some Contemporary Problems in Economic Development, Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya, Cairo, 1992.

10 Dr. Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al-Baridi, Sustainable Development: An Integrative Approach to Sustainability Concepts and Applications with a Focus on the Arab World, 1st ed., Al-Obeikan Publishing, Riyadh, 2015.

11 Dr. Othman Muhammad Ghunaim and Dr. Majed Abu Zant, Sustainable Development: Its Philosophy, Planning Methods, and Measurement Tools, 2nd ed., Safa Publishing and Distribution House, Amman (Jordan), 2014.

12 Danish Institute for Human Rights, Human Rights and Sustainable Development 2030: Lessons Learned and Next Steps, 2017.

13 Raúl Ferrero, The New International Economic Order and the Promotion of Human Rights, United Nations Publications, 1986.

Second: Studies and Research:

1 Dr. Nadia Zaouni, Sustainable Development in Light of the New Constitutional Amendment, Constitutional Council Journal, Issue 16, Algeria, 2021.

2 Suha Zaki Nouri, Constitutional and Legal Obstacles to the Right to Sustainable Development in Iraq, Basra Studies Journal, Issue (48), Eighteenth Year, 2023.

3 Dr. Abdul Khaliq Abdullah, The Political Dimension of Human Development: The Case of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi Journal, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Issue 290, Beirut, April 2003.

4 Fawzia Barsouli and Lakhdar Si Muhammad, Algeria's Efforts to Achieve Sustainable Development, Journal of Legal and Economic Studies, University Center, Barika, Vol. 1, No. 1, June 2018.

5 Dr. Muhammad Thamer Al-Saadoun and Alaa Abdul Wahid Musa, The Right to Economic Development, Dhi Qar University/College of Law, Law Journal for Legal Studies and Research, Issue 25, Vol. 15, July 2022. Mayassa Baltrash, "The Preamble to the Constitution in Comparative Constitutional Law, According to the 2016 Constitutional Amendment," Algerian Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, Algeria, Volume 55, Issue 3, 2016.

6 Dr. Nouri Rashid, "International Development Law," Journal of the Islamic University College/Najaf Al-Ashraf, Issue (41), Volume (2), 1997.

7 Widad Hammad Mukhlef, "Obstacles to Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: Iraq as a Model," Journal of the Iraqi University, Issue (58, Part 1), 2023.

8 Dr. Wafaa Lotfi, "The New Egyptian State and Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges," Journal of the Faculty of Politics and Economics (Cairo), Issue 18, April 2023.

Third: International Documents:

1- The 1986 Declaration on Development, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 41/128 of December 4.

2- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on December 10, 1948.

3- The United Nations Programme of Action, Action for the Environment - The Role of the United Nations, Voice of the Environment Magazine, Issue 1, 1991.

4- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted on December 16, 1966.

Fourth: National Documents:

1- The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates of 1971, amended in 2009.

2- The Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco of 2011.

3- The Constitution of the Republic of Algeria of 2016.

4- The Constitution of the Republic of Algeria of 2020.

5- The Permanent Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005.

6- The Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia of 2014.

7- The Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia of 2022.

8- Federal Law No. (24) of 1999 regarding the Protection and Development of the Environment in the United Arab Emirates.

9- The Iraqi Investment Law No. 13 of 2006.

Fifth: The Internet

1- Ahmed Jamil Hamoudi, "Development is Freedom (Lamartiasen): A Comprehensive Vision for Development," Al-Hewar Al-Mutamadin, website: http://www.Alhewar.Orq, accessed: October 20, 2024.

2- Idriss Lakrini, "Sustainable Development and Human Rights," article published on the Hespress website: www.hespress.comk, accessed: October 19, 2024.

3- The National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2015-2020 (SNDD), available at: https://www.environnement.gov.tn/ar/, accessed: October 22, 2022.

4- The Sustainable Development Goals, Seventeen Goals to Save the World, available on the United Nations website: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ar/sustainable-development-goals/. Visited on October 21, 2024.

5- Zainab Atwi Al-Saeedi, Human Rights and Sustainable Development, University of Karbala, Center for Strategic Studies, available at: kerbalacss.uokerbalaedu.iq. Visited on October 19, 2024.

6- Salem Nashi, Sustainable Development: Its Concept, Evolution, and Models, College of Administration and Economics, Qatar University, available at: https://www.psa.gov.qa/ar/media/events/Documents/ConsolidationofSustainableDev.pptx. Visited on October 20, 2024.

7- Abdul Hussein Shaaban, Development and Human Rights, an article in the Moroccan newspaper Al-Sahifa, available at: https://www.assahifa.com/. Visited on October 20, 2024. Abdullah bin Jumaan Al-Ghamdi, Sustainable Development between the Right to Exploit Natural Resources and the Responsibility for Environmental Protection, 2007, available on the Cairo University Scholar website: https://scholar.cu.edu.eg, accessed on: October 21, 2024.

8- Dr. Lubnan Al-Shami, The Reality of Sustainable Development in Iraq, available on: https://iraqadvisorycouncil.org/maqalat-detail?Jimara=2047, accessed on: October 23, 2024.

9- Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, Sustainable Development Goals, University of Baghdad, 2006, available at: https://mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/?page_id=20606, accessed on October 21, 2024.

10- Moataz Mohamed Abu Zeid, The Egyptian Constitution and the Pillars of Sustainable Development, International Politics Magazine, Cairo, available at: https://www.siyassa.org.eg/News/21846.aspx, accessed on October 21, 2022.

11- SEO Institute in Arabic, The Concept of Sustainable Development - Human Resources Development, available at: https://www.seo-ar.net/, accessed on October 21, 2024.

12- Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Overview of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/ar/sdgs/about-2030-agenda-sustainable-development. Date of visit: October 21, 2024.

13- Wikipedia, Sustainable Development: https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki, Date of visit: October 19, 2019.

14- Egyptian Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, available at: https://www.eeaa.gov.eg/Topics/86/35/Details, Date of visit: October 22, 2024.

15- Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy (Algeria), Constitutionalization of the Environment, available at: https://www.me.gov.dz//, Date of visit: October 22, 2024.

Sixth: Foreign sources

1- Coates, J. Ecology and social work: Toward a New Paradigm. Halifax: Fernwood Press, 2003a.

2- Coates, J. Exploring the Roots of the Environmental Crisis: Opportunity for Social Transformation. Critical Social Work, 3(1), 2003b.

3- Fowke R and Prasad D, Sustainable development, cities and local government. Australian Planner33 ,1996.

4- McNaghten, P. and Urry, J. Contested Natures. London: Sage, 1998.

5- WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development) ، Our Common Future, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

التنزيلات

منشور

2025-06-01

إصدار

القسم

البحوث القانونية

كيفية الاقتباس

التنمية المستدامة وحقوق الانسان الدستورية. (2025). مجلة اشور للعلوم القانونية و السياسية تصدر عن الجمعية العراقية للعلوم القانونية, 2(2), 255-288. https://ashurjournal.com/index.php/AJLPS/article/view/50

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