السياسة التعليمية والتعايش السلمي في مجتمعات ما بعد النزاع (السياسة التعليمية في العراق بعد عام 2014 انموذجا)

Sources and References

First/ Dictionaries and Encyclopedias:

1- Al-Saleh, Musleh, (1999), The Comprehensive Dictionary of Social Science Terms, 1st ed., Dar Alam Al-Kutub for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution, Riyadh.

2- Oxford Dictionary, (2008), Vol. 2, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, London.

Second/ Books:

1- Halima, Ahmed, (2015), Quality of the Educational Process: New Contemporary Horizons, 1st ed., Majdalawi Publishing and Distribution House, Amman.

2- Daham, Zainab, (2012), Alternative Means of Conflict Resolution, 1st ed., General Directorate of Press, Printing, and Publishing, Publishing Directorate, Ministry of Culture and Youth - Erbil.

3- Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad, (2003), Conflict Resolution in Western Thought and Practice: A Critical and Analytical Study, Vol. 1, 1st ed., (Algeria: Dar Houma for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution).

Third/ Academic Theses and Dissertations:

1- Ibrahim, Ahmed, (2022), Education and Peacebuilding in Diverse Societies (Iraq as a Model), (Unpublished Master's Thesis), University of Mosul, College of Political Science.

2- Jaafar, Elaf, (2020), Educational Policy and Its Impact on Confronting Extremism: Iraq after 2005 as a Model, (Unpublished Master's Thesis), University of Baghdad, College of Political Science, Department of Political Systems.

Fourth/ Academic Journals:

1- Al-Janabi, Muhammad; Mohi, Ahmed, (2022), Recovery of Societies (A theoretical study of approaches, problems, and comparative concepts, Political Issues Journal, Al-Nahrain University, College of Political Science, Issue 71, Baghdad.

2- Al-Janabi, Muhammad; Rashid, Saddam, (2023), Mechanisms for Empowering Iraqi Youth in Conflict-Affected Areas and Their Implications for Political Stability after 2917, Tikrit Journal of Political Science, Tikrit University, College of Political Science, Special Issue on the College of Political Science Conference: Iraq: Current Challenges and Future Aspirations, Tikrit.

3- Jafal, Saliha, (2015), The Role of the Educational Institution in Health Education, Journal of Communication in the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Baji-Annaba, Issue 44, Algeria.

4- Hassan, Saad, (2023), Peaceful Coexistence in Iraq: A Study of Foundations and Challenges, Center for Strategic Studies, Journal of Social Studies, University of Karbala, Issue 49, Karbala.

5- Hassan, Miran, (2024), The Role of Universities in Combating Extremism: Iraqi Universities as a Model, Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arab and International Studies, Al-Mustansiriya Center for Arab and International Studies, Issue 7.

6- Rashid, Saddam, (2020), Public Educational Policy in Iraq: Facts and Proposed Solutions, Journal of Political Science, University of Baghdad, College of Political Science, Issue 60, Baghdad.

7- Abdul Sattar, Khalid, (2016), The Intellectual Foundations of a Culture of Peaceful Coexistence in Societies, Journal of Arab Scientific Heritage, University of Baghdad, Center for the Revival of Arab Scientific Heritage, Issues 2-3, Baghdad.

8- Abdul Zahra, Ali, (2024), National Policies to Combat Extremism in Iraq after 2003, Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arab and International Studies, Al-Mustansiriya Center for Arab and International Studies, Issue 7, Baghdad.

9- Ghoneim, Salah El-Din, (2025), Educational Policy in Egypt: Features and Challenges, National Center for Educational Research and Development, Special Issue on the International Conference: Education Policies in the Arab World: Challenges and Future Directions, Cairo.

10- Mahmoud, Najwan, (2023), UNESCO's Role in Confronting Extremism and Achieving Peace in Iraq, Tikrit University Journal of Political Science, Tikrit University, College of Political Science, Issue 4, Tikrit.

11- Mohi, Ahmed; Saleh, Mohammed, (2020), Political Components of Peaceful Coexistence in Iraq after 2003, Al-Ma'had Journal, Al-Alamein Institute for Graduate Studies, Issue 1, Najaf.

12- Wajr, Marwan, (2023), Education and its Role in Activating Tolerant Education to Achieve Peaceful Coexistence, Hammurabi Journal of Studies, Hammurabi Center for Research and Strategic Studies, Issue 46, Baghdad.

Fifth/ Plans, Strategies, and Programs:

1- The Iraqi Ministry of Planning, National Development Plan 2018-2022 (Chapter Nine), 2018.

2- The Iraqi Ministry of Planning, The Future We Aspire to: Iraq's Vision for Sustainable Development 2030, 2019.

3- The Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, Youth Vision 2030, 2021.

4- The National Strategy for Education in Iraq 2022-2031, Vision and Objectives, 2022.

5- The Iraqi Ministry of Education, Back to Education Campaign Program, 2024.

Sixth/ Reports:

1- The United Nations Development Program, Restoring Stabilization to Liberated Areas, First Quarter Report 2024.

2- The Global Center for Philanthropy Studies, Managing the Recovery and Reconstruction Process in Post-Disaster Communities, 2024.

Seventh: Official Documents:

1- The Permanent Constitution of the Republic of Iraq, 2005.

Eighth/Internet:

1- Sally Saad Mohammed and Taif Makki Abdul Khaliq, Reflections of Sustainable Development on the Reality of Educational Policy in Iraq (EducationUniversity as a Model (Arab Democratic Center for Strategic, Economic and Political Studies, Cairo, 2021, p. 3, article available at the following link: History of Countries, January 17, 2025: https://democraticac.de/?p=73242

2- World Bank Group, Iraq: Improving the Quality of Education and Access to Enable All Students to Learn, October 29, 2024, available at the link: https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/results/2024/10/29/iraq-improving-quality-of-education-and-access-to-enable-all-students-to-learn, accessed February 12, 2025.

3- Muhammad Ali, Iraq Launches a Large-Scale Campaign to Return Children to School, Al-Araby Al-Jadeed, available at the link: https://www.alaraby.co.uk/society/, accessed February 12, 2025.

4- United Nations Development Programme UNDP, Peace, Conflict, and Education, (May 16, 2020), available at: https://www.undp.org/ar/iraq/stories/alslam-walsra-waltlym, accessed February 14, 2025.

5- Al-Karkh University of Science, Minister of Education Urges Universities to Intensify Solutions for the Return of Displaced Persons, February 25, 2018, available at: https://kus.edu.iq/% % A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84/, accessed February 14, 2025.

6- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Al-Issa Directs Reduction of Parallel Wages for Villagers, Displaced Persons, and Low-Income People, (December 11, 2017), available at: https://mohesr.gov.iq/ar/post/a7, accessed February 14, 2025.

7- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Nineveh Distributes Aid to Displaced Persons as Part of Volunteer Work Activities, (12/17/2017), available at: https://mohesr.gov.iq/ar/post/%ad, accessed February 14, 2025.

Ninth/ Foreign References:

1- Bhari, Raj, (2021), Promoting Social Cohesion and Peaceful Coexistence in Fragile Contexts through TVET, Guide for TVET Practitioners, 1st ed., (Geneva International Labor Organization).

2- Galtung, Johan, (1969), Violence, Peace, and Peace Research, Journal of Peace Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, Issue 3, California.

3- Iraqi Al-Amal Association, Establishing Peace Studies in the Iraqi Universities, (June 11, 2018), https://iraqi-alamal.org/?p=2904&lang=en, (2/14/2025).

4- P. Gregòri, Salvador, (2014), Types of factors in educational peaceful coexistence, American Journal of Educational Research, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 2, Issue. 2, Chicago.

5- UNICEF, (2014), EDUCATION SECTOR POLICY ON PEACE EDUCATION.